Data processing apparatus for line justification in type composing machines



Feb. 28, 1967 W. W. GARTH, JR. ETAL DATA PROCESSING APPARATUS FOR LINEJUSTIFICATION IN TYPE COMPOSING MACHINES Original Filed Oct. 11, 1962Sheets-Sheet 1 I I IPI T T P T ii E READER COPY DISPLAY TRANSLATING UNITI ZL? 0uT START a PUT STOP MAT WIDTH sPAcE BAND UNE PRESET INTERVENTIONOUTPUT -EL READER ASSIGNMENT ASSIGNMENT CONTROL ENCODER I i J A A I f 3/4 3/ FIG. I 30 -1 INPUT TAPE FROM LINE READER CUMPLFTION I" UN|T STARTa STOP 2 READER I I h 22 DECODER- TRANSCRIBER 2 IIII m6 NI I LOUNTER'REGNIION i 4 SHIFT I f REGISTER I 1 f5 MAT WIDTH BA$A$NEIDTH *1 LI Wm QASSIGNMENT ASSIGNMENT 4/ DIiFLAY I I I I /6 20 RECOG- L I I W I IEIIIIIT 0 -j' C(IIJIIITEI? I CUIJINTER COUNTER DDDNTER I j I L L l I 133 m SWITCHING 5; E RCUIT I I I WEN OMLU I J READ-OUT 7 [mm a NL 3 P TDN)NIT CONTROL LI i A I I- READER I 32 e w INTERVENTION OUTPUT TAPE LINENIEASDRE PREsET CONTROL ENCODER OUTPUT TAPE F I G 2 INVENTORS WILLIAM W.GARTH, JR. ELLIS F. HANSON I A, 4 azi /iniu ATTORNEYS Feb. 28, 1967 w.w. GARTH, JR. ETAL 3,307,154

DATA PRGCESSING APPARATUS FOR LINE JUSTIFICATION 1N TYPE CGMPOSINGMACHINES Original Filed Oct. 11, 1962 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS WILUAMW. GARTH JR. ELLIS P HANSON WV Mao ATTORNEYS TO SHIFT FICATION 5Sheets-Sheet 3 HYPHEN MULTIVIBRATOR CHARACTER MULTIVIBRATOR W. W. GARTH,JR. ETAL DATA PROCESSING APPARATUS FOR LINE JUSTI IN TYPE COMPOSINGMACHINES Original Filed Oct. 11, 1962 MULTIVIBRATOR Feb. 28, 1967 R E mI 0E4 T AI I sn w w GM "2 GI EU DIN R ONSU TAS h v H A YuSIIIIII'I I Hmm@ 0 N T mwfi TSN AS MA E TI w a? a 5 6 G 6 A 4 R G 7 O I 6 T F L 8 I Aa m M II I E A G "I IR F M l SW GN :HH

ATTORNEYS TO COUNTER COUNTS BIT TO COUNTER 19 T o COUNTER IS F I G. 5

TO COUNTER I7 CHARACTER F b- 8, 1967 w.w. GARTH. JR. ETAL 3,307,154

DATA PROCESSING APPARATUS FOR LINE JUSTIFICATION IN TYPE COMPOSINGMACHINES Original Filed Oct. 11, 1962 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 START Ir 7COUNTER J 8 6 TO COUNTER IS TO COUNTER IS TO COUNTER l7 CHANNEL CHANNE 8CHANNEL 7 I I 9 HYPP TEN INSERTION I 5 FROM I 9O INTERVENTTON CONTROL TIITEITwoRu SELECTION FROM TREE CIRCUIT LINE COMPLETION UNIVT 4 f e; IWM] [WV 9? I ,7" W. 44 I TO READ-OUT CONTROL 32 "NGEEIJEF j 1 A w m firt 6 W m LINE COMPLETION UNIT fiicgr -f .93 9/ STORAGE QIWAMA, I

ATTORNEYS Feb. 28, 1967 w. w. GARTH. JR. ETAL 3,307,154

P] JUSTTF. CATION DATA PROCESSING APPARATUS FOR LIN IN TYPE COMIOSINGMACHINES 1962 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Original Filed Oct 11 295mm 655% @0552 WW INVFNTT )RS W1 LL HRM W. C RTH JR W ELLi S P HANS ON ATTORNEYS UnitedStates Patent 3,307,154 DATA PROCESSING APPARATUS FOR LINE JUSTIFICATIONIN TYPE COMPOSING MA- CI-IINES William W. Garth, Jr., Concord, and EllisP. Hanson,

Rockport, Mass., assignors to Compugraphic Corporation, Reading, Mass.,a corporation of Massachusetts Continuation of application Ser. No.229,810, Oct. 11, 1962. This application Dec. 10, 1963, Ser. No. 329,59717 Claims. (Cl. 340-1725) This invention relates in general to thegraphic arts, and more particularly to data processing apparatusproducing output signals for controlling a typesetting process. Thepresent application is a continuation of application Serial No. 229,810,filed October 11, 1962, for Data Processing Apparatus.

High speed typesetting is now generally accomplished by machines whichare operated by perforated tape control. The machines themselves mayfall into one of the several categories, such as hot metal, slug castingmachines, hot metal machines which cast individual type characters inseries, photographic composition machines and tape operated typewriters.These machines are capable of composing lines of type of varying typefaces and type cases, depending upon the activation called for by thecoding in the input perforated tape.

In any piece of composition each of the lines must have the same length.Since different characters, in typographical fonts, have differentwidths, the typesetting process must include some means of varying thewidth of spacing within the line in order to provide a series of equallength lines. When a series of lines are all the same length, they arereferred to as justified to the resultant measure.

The keyboards which perforate tape for line casting machine operationinclude counting mechanisms which take into account the different widthsof the characters and the minimum width and expansion possibilities ofthe space bands which are used for interword spacing. The countingmechanism provides a visual indication of the operator when the linebeing keyboarded includes sufficient characters so that it may bejustified by the expansion of the space bands within the line. When thekeyboard operator recognizes from the visual indicator that the line iswithin the desired range for justification, he strikes particularcontrol keys providing codes in the perforated tape indicating the endof the line. In a line casting machine, both a return code indicatingthe end of the line and elevate code to actuate operation of theassembly elevator are coded at the end of each line.

The variable space element in a line casting machine is a space bandwhich is provided at each interword point in the line. Space bands areformed in a wedge-shape. In the line casting machine, when the end ofline signals are received, the character matrices and space bands whichhave been accumulated at the assembly elevator, are transferred to acasting position between two jaws separated by a fixed, predetermineddistance. A justification bar then forces the space bands upward wedgingthe character matrices in both directions until the right and left-handmatrices are snug against the jaws, thus justifying the line.

In regular typewriting, the operators time, for the most part isinvolved with the selection of alpha-numeric characters and the groupingof these into words, sentences, paragraphs, and the like through the useof punctuation and spaces. Thus, normal copying can be said to involvechiefly the informational content from the copy" or dictation. On theother hand, perforated tape for the control of typesetting machinesinvolves the keyboarding of this same informational content andadditionally requires the keyboarding of control codes. As aboveindicated,

3,307,154 Patented Feb. 28, 1967 the justification process is one whichrequires the attention and decision of the keyboard operator in order todetermine at what point within the desired range of justification theline should be terminated.

The complexity of keyboard perforation resulting from the addition ofthese non-informational coding and justification processes renders theperforation of tape for control of typesetting machines a far slowerprocess than normal typewriting, as well as one that is considerablymore subject to error. Thus, keyboard perforating requires almost twicet-he time of normal typewriting, and is more subject to error, yet itinvolves many more skills on the part of the perforator operator. Thecopy supplied to the perforator operator is usually already intypewritten form and hence the keyboarding of the material fortypesetting purposes represents a duplication since it is a secondkeyboarding of all of the informational content.

It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to provide adata processing apparatus which produces a typesetting control tape froma tape which may be produced as a by-product of regular typewriting ofcopy.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a dataprocessing apparatus which converts tape which has been perforated forthe operation of typesetting machines in one type face and one linelength into a new tape suitable for operating typesetting machines atdifferent line length and with different type faces.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a dataprocessing apparatus whereby a perforated tape representing thetypewritten copy may be prepared prior to any decision as to line lengthand type face, which tape may be converted into a tape containing theappropriate format of line length and type face without the necessity ofrekeyboarding the informational content.

Broadly speaking, the data processing apparatus of this inventiontranslates input tape, which has been coded only with the informationalcontent of the material to be typeset, into a coded output tape whichcontains the control codes to provide justified lines in paragraph form.The data processing apparatus may also operate on input tape which istypesetting machine tape but wherein, in the final composition the typeface of the line length, or both are to be altered. Tape of the firsttype, that is, containing codes representing keys struck in the normaltypewriting process, is referred to as running tape. Input tape of thesecond type, that is, which already contains controls for thetypesetting process is referred to as typesetting machine tape." In bothinstances, the data processing apparatus not only recognizes codes whichmust appear on the output tape, but also ignores those control codesappearing in the input tape which do not belong in the altered outputtape. The data processing apparatus recognizes the beginning and endingof the paragraph by recognition of fixed space codes, which in a runningtape follow a return code," or a special signal, or which in atypesetting machine tape, follow return and elevate codes.

The data processing apparatus automatically computes the width values ofcharacters and spaces in a line and automatically terminates the linewithin justification range of a predetermined length if an interword ora hyphen occurs within justification range of this predetermined length.In those cases where the predetermined line length does not occur at aninterword point, the processing apparatus provides a semi-automatichyphenating system.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the followingdetailed description when taken in Conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings in which:

FIG. 1 is an illustration in block diagrammatic form of a dataprocessing apparatus in accordance with the principles of thisinvention;

FIG. 2 is an illustration in block diagrammatic form of a more detailednature of a data processing apparatus in accordance with the principlesof this invention;

FIG. 3 is an illustration in perspective of the copy display and controlpanel of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 2; and

FIGS. 4, 5, 6. 7, and 8 are detailed block diagrams of specific portionsof the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 2.

Referring now specifically to FIG. 1, the data processing apparatus isillustrated from an operational point of view. The input tape 10 which,as above indicated may be coded either as perforated running tape" ortype setting tape, is applied to a reader unit 11. The reader unit 11provides coded output signals in response to the code on the input tape.The output signals from reader 11 are provided to translating unit 8,which in turn provides output signals to a copy display element 23 andan output tape coder 6. A series of monitor controls consisting of: astart and stop reader 35, a mat width assignment unit 15, a space bandassignment unit 14, a line preset 31, and an intervention control 30,provide control signals to both translating unit 8 and the reader 11. Inoperation, the mat width assignment unit 15 and the space bandassignment unit 14 are set for the particular type face and size andspace band which are to be employed and the line preset unit 31 isadjusted to the desired line measure. The start-stop reader 35 is thenstarted initiating the action of reader 11 which commerces to read theinput tape 10 and to provide the output signals to the translaing unit8.

All output lines which may be ended at the preselected line lengthwithin the variation of the space band range are then automaticallycoded on the output tape by the output tape coder 6 without any operatorintervention. Any line which requires hyphenation will cause the inputreader 11 to stop on that character, the width of which when added tothe width of all the characters and minimum space band widths assignedto that particular line, exceeds the desired line length. Thischaracter, which cannot be included within the particular line, will beindicated on display copy unit 23.

Copy display unit 23 displays hard copy, that is, the copy intypewritten form, produced from the original keyboarding or subsequentprocessing of running tape or of type setting machine tape. Above thehard copy is a series of lights, each spaced a character width apart incorrespondence with the hard copy. As the characters progress throughthe translating unit 8, the light in the copy display unit 23,corresponding to each character is illuminated. When the input reader 11stops, then the light corresponding to the excess character isilluminated. At this point, the operator may make a hyphenation decisionand insert, by means of intervention control 30, a hyphen at theappropriate point in the last word of the just completed line, or if noappropriate hyphenation point occurs, the operator may terminate theline at the last interword point. When the intervention control 30 hasbeen actuated, the line is then coded on the output coder 6 andautomatic operation again commences.

Referring now to FIG. 2 a more detailed block diagram of the dataprocessing apparatus is illustrated. The basic operational sequence ofthe apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is the same as that in FIG. 1. In orderthat this invention will be more clearly understood the system is firstdescribed in functional terms then the procedural operation is discussedand finally specific examples of suitable apparatus are set forth.

Description of the system The input tape 10 is flowed through the reader11 with the speed and continuity of the flow being controlled by thereader 11. The input tape 10 may be either perforated or otherwisecoded. The reader 11 provides an electrical signal in six-bit parallelform as an output representing the information read from the input tape.This binary parallel output is coupled to a decoder-transcriber unit 12.The decoder-transcriber unit 12 includes a tree circuit which providesindividual output leads for selected code inputs. In addition this unitincludes a code repeater which repeats all of the input codes with theexception of certain specified codes representing hyphens, fixed space,return, elevate, no code, and deletion. The repeated codes aretransferred into shift register 13 through a delay unit within thedecoder-transcriber. The delay unit delays the repetition of these codesby a time less than the time required for the input reader 11 to readone character. In addition to the above outputs from thedecoder-transcriber, certain common outputs are provided; that is, anoutput line which carries a sig nal every time any one of a number ofselected input codes are applied to the transcriber. One such commonline is provided to hard copy counter 22 and carries a signal each timethe decoder-transcriber receives a code representing a character orspace in the hard copy corresponding to the coded input tape 10.

The hard copy counter 22, which will be described in more detail belowin connection with a specific description of the copy display unit 23,is essentially a register which changes state in response to each inputsignal. An additional lead is provided from the decoder-transcriber 12to the hard copy counter 22 which carries a signal only when a code isreceived by the decoder-transcriber 12 corresponding to a return orreturn and elevate or any end of line signal. This second lead to thehard copy counter resets the register to zero. The state of the registerthen corresponds to the spatial position of the incoming signal from thereader 11 within a line of the hard copy. This spatial position isindicated on the copy display unit 23.

The remainder of the common outputs and the individual outputs from thedecoder-transcriber 12 are applied to units which determine the widthvalue of the individual characters to the line completion unit 33 and toan add code unit 16, which latter unit provides additional codes to theshift register 13 in connection with end of the line codes which are onthe input tape. In the assignment of width values, both the space bandvalues and two groups of character values must be treated. An individuallead from the decoder-transcriber 12 is actuated for each input coderepresenting a space band and this individual lead is applied to a spaceband width assignment unit 14. The space band width assignment unitprovides numerial outputs for each input signal it receives from thedecoder-transcriber 12. Four such numerical outputs are provided fromthe space band width assignment unit 14 and the value of each output isdependent upon the unit to which the individual output is provided.Thus, to counter 17 the numerical value represents the minimum spaceband width for the type face which has been selected, while to counter18 the numerial value represents the maximum space band width. Thenumerical values to counter 19 represent the maximum space band widthplus a value representing one thin space while those to counter 20represent the maximum space band value plus the value of one en space.

The individual output leads from the decoder-transcriber 12, whichrepresent character or space codes, are divided into two groups, thosewhich represent different characters in upper case than they do in lowercase, and those which represent the same character in both upper andlower case. There are eight codes that represent the same character orspace in both upper and lower case and the eight individual leadsrepresenting these codes are coupled from the decoder-transcriber 12directly to a mat width assignment unit 15. The individual leads fromdecoder-transcriber 12 representing the forty-one codes whose characterrepresentation depends upon their case are applied to a case recognitionunit 21, to which is also 5 Supplied a signal from decorder-transcriber12, indicative of an upper case or lower case control signal on theinput tape. This unit then determines the case of the coded characterand provides eight-two individual output leads to mat width assignmentunit 15, forty-one representing upper case characters and forty-onerepresenting lower case characters.

In response to each individual input character applied to it, mat widthassignment unit 15 provides an output signal representing the numericalvalue of the width of this character to each of the counters 17, 18, 19,and 20. The width value assigned to each of the characters is assignedin accordance with the type face which is to be used in th typesettingprocess. Each of the counters l7, 18, 19 and 20 is preset so that itprovides an overflow output signal when it has accumulated the presettotal numerical value. This value is assigned from the line measurepreset unit 31 and the basis of selection is the length of line which isto be type set. At the completion of each line, each of these countersis reset to its initial conditions. As a series of characters aretranslated by the reader and processed through the decoder-transcriber12, counter 20 will first reach its limit since it has applied to it, inaddition to the width values for the characters, the maximum width valuefor space bands plus the width value for an en space. Counters 19, 18,and 17 in that order, will then reach their limits, since counter 19 hasnumerical values for maximum space bands plus thin space, counter 18 formaximum space band and counter 17 for minimum space bands.

The add code unit 16, referred to above, has the function of providingcodes to the shift register 13 to adjust for the end of line signalsfrom the originad input tape. Since the output tape is coded in terms ofjustified lines which, in general, will include a different number ofcharacters than the line coded on the input tape, some provision must bemade for removing the end of line signals from the input codes andreplacing them with normal interword codes. The decoder-transcriber 12provides four signals to the add code unit 16. One of these signlas is acommon signal which is provided in response to each character signalapplied to the decodertranscriber 12. The other signals are. anindividual signal representing a return code, an individual signalrepresenting the code indicative of a hyphen, and an individual signalrepresenting a fixed space. The add code unit 16, in response toparticular combinations of signals on these leads, provides, from itsmemory storage, output codes which are transferred into the shiftregister 13. At the same time, the add code unit 16 provides to eitherthe mat Width assignment unit 15 or the space band width assignment unit14 an appropriate input in order to include the width of the charactersadded by the add code unit 16 in the tabulation of total line width.

As previously indicated, the majority of the character codes received bythe decodentranscriber 12 are repeated and transferred into shiftregister 13. The only character code which is not repeated is the hyphenand. in addition, control codes and fixed space codes are not usually repeated. The shift register 13 has nine parallel channels, each channelhaving a storage capacity of several bits, for example, 12 bits. Each ofthe six leads carrying the binary repeated code from decoder-transcriber12 is applied to an individual one of six of these channels. The outputfrom these six channels is coupled through a switching circuit 40 eitherto output encoder 6 or, when the switching circuit is in therecirculation position. back to the input of the decoder-transcriberuntil 12. These same six channels in shift register 13 may also receivean input from add code unit 16, which either takes the place of anon-repeated code from decoder-transcriber 12 or adds a character codein place of a control code. The shift register 13 typical operates on aclock pulse which also provides the timing basis for progress of theinput tape 10 through the reader 11.

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As above stated, the outputs from the six channel shift register 13which carry the code repeated from the decoder-transcriber 12, areapplied through the switching circuit 40 to the output encoder 6. Theoutput encoder 6 in response to these input codes perforates orotherwise codes an output tape adapted to control a typesetting machinesuch as a line casting machine.

Two of the remaining three channels in shift register 13 receive, astheir input, signals from counters 18, 19, and 20, which are thencarried along in parallel with the character for which the widthassignment filled up the respective one of. these counters. Thus, forexample, when the limit on counter 20 is reached, an indicating signalmay be impressed at the input of the seventh channel in parallel, withthe code in the previous six channels. Similarly, for counter 19 asignal may be impressed in the eighth channel, while no signal isimpressed in the seventh channel, thus indicating that the character inparallel with these signals filled up the counter 19 and a signal may besimultaneously entered in both the seventh and eighth channelsindicating that counter 18 has been filled up. As will be explainedhereafter, the ninth channel is used to identify the line endingcharacter when it is selected semi-automatically. The outputs of thesethree channels of shift register 13 are provided to a recognitioncircuit 41.

When the limit on counter 17 is reached, no output is provided to theshift register directly, but rather a signal indicative of this limitbeing reached is applied to line completion unit 33 which provides astop signal to the reader 11 so that no more information is provided tothe apparatus. The line completion unit 33 also provides a signal toreadout control 32. The exact function of readout control 32 will beexplained in connection with the description of the automatic andsemi-automatic line ending procedures.

Procedural operation In operation, the system shown in FIG. 2 anddescribed above performs semi-automatically, that is, some functions areperformed by an operator. In order to initiate operation the entireapparatus is reset so that each of the counters 17, 18, 19 and 20 arereset to their initial condition. The hard copy is set up in the copydisplay unit 23, and the hard copy counter 22 is reset to zero. The linelength which has been selected is entered into the system through linemeasure preset unit 31 and the mat width assignment unit 15 and spaceband Width assignment unit 14 are adjusted for the particular type facebeing employed. Having established the preset conditions, the reader 11is now started and commences to translate the code on the input tape 10and provide binary coded sig nals to the decoder-transcriber 12. Outputsignals are then provided from the decoder-transcriber 12 to both of thewidth assignment units and to the shift register. Since the shiftregister has a limited memory, typically twelve bits, and since atypical line length might include forty or fifty characters, the initialcharacters in each line are processed through the shift register andencoded in the output encoder.

There are two situations in which this normal flow of coded informationfrom the input reader 11 to the output encoder 6 is interrupted. Onesuch situation occurs in connection with end of line signals appearingon the input tape and the other situation occurs when the predeterminedline length for the output copy is reached.

End of line signals on the input tape are not repeated in thedecoder-transcriber 12, but rather are applied as an individual outputto the add code unit 16. Thus, when an end of the line signal, such as areturn or return and elevate signal is received by thedecoder-transcriber 12. it provides activating signals on a return inputto add code unit 16. It will be recalled that individual output leadsare also provided to the add code unit 16 which provide actuatingsignals on one input whenever a hyphen code is received by thedecoder-transcriber and on another input whenever a character code isreceived.

Whenever a return code actuating signal is provided to the add code unit16 and the immediately preceding code in the transcriber has provided ahyphen signal to this unit, this indicates an end of line in theoriginal copy which occurred in the middle of a word and hence washyphenated. The output copy should then eliminate the hyphen and includethe next character (which would be the following letter within the word)without adding any space. Thus, upon receipt of this combination of areturn code preceded by a hyphen code the add code unit 16 provides nosignals to the shift register and on the next clock pulse the subsequentcharacter code will be entered into the shift register.

If, on the other hand, the code immediately preceding a return code is anormal character then the character input to add code unit 16 will havebeen actuated just preceding the actuation of the return lead signifyingthat the end of line in the original copy occurred at the end of a word.In this instance, a space must be provided be tween the end of this wordand the beginning of the next word in order that the two words are notrun together in the output copy. Thus, upon receipt of a signalcombination representing a return code preceded by a character code, theadd code unit 16 introduces into the shift register 13 a codereprsenting a space band. Simultaneously, with the provision of thespace band code to shift register 13, the add code unit 16 provides asignal to the space band width assignment unit 14 so that the additionalwidth of this added space band will be included in the computation ofline length for the output encoder.

As previously mentioned, the hyphen code is not repeated to the shiftregister 13 by the decoder-transcriber 12. However, when the input copyincludes a properly hyphenated word (in contrast to an end of the linehyphen), the hyphen should also appear at this same point in the outputcopy. Thus, when the add code unit 16 receives an actuating signal onits hyphen line and the next following signal actuates its characterline, the add code unit provides an output code representing a hyphenwhich is entered into the shift register before the entry of the nextcharacter, which is delayed in the usual fashion in passing from thedecoder-transcriber 12 into the shift register. Here again, the add codeunit 16 simultaneously provides a signal to the mat width assignmentunit 15 in order that the hyphen added to the output copy will beproperly computed in the mat width assignment unit.

The other situation in which the normal flow of coded information isinterrupted occurs when the predetermined line length for the outputcopy is reached. There are three types of line endings. The line endingmay be one which will initiate automatic line ending," one which willrequire operator intervention in a semi-automatic line ending; or a lineending a paragraph.

The automatic line ending occurs when an interword code has beenreceived after the limit on counter 18 is reached, but before the limitof counter 17 is reached. This is accomplished by providing an outputsignal from counter 18 indicating its overflow to the line completionunit 33 to which is also provided a signal directly from thedecoder-transcriber 12, indicating the presence of an interword code,such as a space band, in the decodertranscriber. If an interword code isreceived by the line completion unit 33 after the limit signal fromcounter 18. but before the limit signal from counter 17, a circuit isactuated, which upon receipt of the limit signal from counter 17,provides an actuating signal to reader 11 and to recognition unit 41,which in turn provides a signal to control 32. The signal to reader 11stops the flow of input tape, while the signal to recognition unit 41initiates the end of a line sequence. After the signal is provided torecognition unit 41, the shift register continues to shift codes downthrough it into the switching circuit 40 and then to the output encoder6 until the last interword before the characters which filled counter 17reaches the recognition circuit 41. At this point, the recognitioncircuit provides an output signal to the encoder 6 representing a returnand elevate code which will now be coded onto the output tape. Thisreturn and elevate code when applied to typesetting equipment withShaffstall equipment, or its equivalent, indicates that each interwordpoint in the line calls for a single space band. Another signal fromoutput recognition circuit 41 is coupled to the readout control unit 32.Upon receipt of the signal from recognition unit 41, readout controlunit 32 provides output signals to the line measure preset unit 31causing the width assignment counters 17, 18, 19, and 20 to be reset totheir effective zero and preparing the apparatus for a new line. Aslightly delayed signal is then provided from readout control 32 t0 thestart reader unit 35 initiating once more the flow of input tape throughthe reader 11.

The situation at the line termination becomes somewhat more complicated,however, when no interword code occurs between the overflow of counter18 and counter 17. The character, the width assignment for which, filledup counter 17, represents an over'sefi of the desired output linelength. The line must then be terminated at a character preceding thisoversetting character. The line, under these circumstances, may beterminated at the last previous interword or a hypen may be insertedbetween the last interword and the point of overset-with or withoutincreasing the spacing between the words. In the system illustrated inFIG. 2, the decision to hyphenate or use the previous interword is madeby operator intervention and the necessity of adding to the interwordspaces is then automatically determined.

When counter 17 overflows providing an output signal to line completionunit 33, the entire apparatus including the shift register 13 isstopped. The visual indicator on the copy display unit 23 now indicatesthe oversetting character. The intervention control 30 has a series ofpush buttons mounted on it; for example, six buttons, numbered onethrough six and one button labeled interword. The operator reading backfrom the illuminated overset" indicator will select an appropriate pointfor hyphenation or in his discretion the previous interword point. If,for example, the appropriate hyphenation point occurs four characterspreceding the overset character, then the operator would push buttonfour to provide for a hyphen at this point. If he selects the lastprevious interword as the appropriate point for line termination then hepushes the interword button. This selection of a hyphenation point bythe operator provides a signal through readout control 32 to recognitioncircuit 41 and to the ninth channel of shift register 13 foridentification of the selected character. The readout control 32 thenreinitiates the action of the shift register to process the codesincluded in its storage into the output encoder 6. When the code in theninth channel indicative of the hyphenation point arrives at therecognition circuit 41, this circuit provides immediately thereafter asignal to the output encoder entering a hyphen code into this latterunit.

The recognition unit 41 also senses the signals stored in the seventhand eighth channels of shift register 13. If the last signal sensedbefore the line termination point is one indicating the overflow ofcounter 20, then the recognition unit 41 causes two additional returncodes to be encoded by the output encoder 6 after the hyphen and thenthe normal return and elevate codes are encoded. If, however, the lastsignal sensed before the line termination point indicates the overflowof counter 19, the recognition unit 41 causes a single additional returncode to be encoded following the hyphen before the normal return elevatecode. If the last code sensed is indicative of the overflow of channel18, then recognition unit 41 will cause only the normal return andelevate codes to be encoded onto the output tape. With equipment such asShaffstall Selecto-Spaces or its equivalent, the two extra return codeswill call at the typesetting machine for a space band and an en space;one extra return code will call for one space band and a thin space; andthe usual single return code will call for only a space band. If thereis no signal in either channel 7 or 8 prior the line termination point,then this indicates that the selected intervention point precedes thecharacter which filled up counter and a stop code is added after thereturn code. The stop code will then signify at the typesetting machinethat extra spacing is required.

The recognition unit 41 signals switching circuit so that the remainderof the codes stored in the shift register are applied to the input ofdecoder-transcriber 12. The recognition unit also provides a signal toreadout control 32 indicating the completion of the line and readoutcontrol 32, as in the previous instance, resets the apparatus for thebeginning of a new line. Thus, the stored codes which are beingre-applied to the input of decoder-transcriber 12 are recornputed as towidth assignment for determining the width of the next line in whichthey will be included.

The third type of line ending occurs when the end of a paragraph isreached. In this instance, the end of a line in the input copy coincideswith the end of the line on the output tape. When add code unit 16receives a signal indicating a return code immediately followed by asignal indicating a fixed-space code, this indicates the end of aparagraph. The add code unit 16 will then generate an end of line codewhich when detected by the recognition unit 41, will result in a quadleft and a return and elevate code. The add code unit also generates afixed space code and enters this into shift register 13 to provide forthe proper indentation of the following paragraph. If any of thecounters 18, 19, and 20 have reached their limits, showing that the linealready contains enough characters and spaces for normal justification,recognition unit 41 will not generate a quad-left code. Only the return,the elevate and the fixed space code will be entered into shift register13.

A pparams The data processing system has been described above in termsof the functional characteristics of the various units. Many of theseunits are commercially available units, while others constitute logiccircuits which are conventional in the computer and logic art. FIGS. 3through 7 illustrate one example of conventional logic arrangementssuitable for use in this system.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a hard copy counter and copy display unitsuitable for use in the apparatus of this invention is shown. In thepreparation of the input tape in the usual type of machine, such as aFlexowriter (Friden), not only is coded tape generated, but alsotypewritten copy corresponding to the coded tape is generated. Thedisplay unit in FIG. 3 is arranged to display this hard copy line byline and, as each character in the line is received at the input of thedecoder-transcriber (FIG. 2), to provide a visual indication of theposition of this character in the line on the hard copy.

The hard copy sheet is fed over a platen 48 by means of sprocket wheels51 which engage perforations in the margins of the hard copy 50. Agrating 46 extends parallel to and horizontally across the length of theplaten 48 just above the edge of the copy sheet 50. The grating 46 isformed with a series of vertical slots 47 across its length, each spacedapart by the width of the character on the hard copy. Behind each slotis mounted a bulb 52 (as shown in the broken-away portion). Each of thebulbs 52 is individually connected to the hard copy counter 22 such thatthe bulb behind the first of the slots 47 on the left-hand margin isenergized before the hard copy counter receives its first signal, thesecond is energized, and the first is extinguished when the hard copycounter receives the first signal, and so on until the hard copy counteris reset at the end of each hard copy line; and at this point, thesprockets 51 are indexed, moving the hard copy up by one line with theleft-most light again indicating the first character. Thus, the hardcopy display provides a direct visual indication of the character beingreceived at the decodertranscriber unit, and when the reader stops,provides a visual indication of the character which overfiowed counter17 in FIG. 2. if. desired, the display unit may also be arranged toilluminate a number of prior characters corresponding to the total rangeof the intervention control. The operator can then observe at a glancethe range of points where he may insert a hyphen. While the display unitabove described displays "hard copy," any display unit which showsenough of the informational content of the input copy material in itsinput form to make the hyphenation decision may be used. Such devicemay, for example, include imaging screens and the like.

Referring now to FIG. 4, there is illustrated an add code unit suitablefor use in the system of FIG. 2. The add code unit has four input leads55, 56, 57, and 58 labeled respectively fixed space, return, character,and hyphen. These inputs 5558 are supplied from decodertranscriber 12.The hyphen input 58 is coupled directly to the input of multivibrator59. The multivibrator 59 in response to a signal on hyphen input 58provides a fixed duration output pulse, having a duration equal to or inexcess of the time required for the decoder-transcriber 12 to translatetwo characters. The output of multivibrator 59 is provided to one inputleg of AND gate 69. The other input leg of AND gate 60 is coupleddirectly to the character input 57. The character input 57 is alsocoupled to an input of a second multivibrator 61 having the samecharacteristics as multivibrator 59. The output of multivibrator 61 isprovided to one input leg of AND gate 62, the other input leg of whichis coupled directly to the return input 56. Return input 56 is onecoupled directly to the input of a third multivibrator 63, again havingthe same characteristics as multivibrators 59 and 61. The output ofmultivibrator 63 is provided to one input leg of a third AND gate 64,the other input leg of which is coupled directly to the fixed spacedinput 55.

The output of AND gate 60, which occurs whenever there is a coincidencebetween a signal from character input 57 and from the multivibrator 59,is applied to gate 65. Gate 65 is a binary-type gate which is opened bythe signal from AND gate 60 and, when opened, allows transmission ofsignals from a specific address in storage unit 66. Gate 65 stays on apredetermined amount of time, which is arranged to be sufficient for allof the information from the address in storage unit 66 to be transmittedthrough gate 65. Storage unit 66 may be formed of any suitableinformation storage device having inde pendent addresses and capable ofbeing read out without destroying the information contained therein.This storage unit 66 may, for example, be formed of a magnetically codeddrum having independent pickotfs for independent addresses. The outputof gate 65 is provided both to shift register 13 and to mat widthassignment unit 15. The output to shift register 13 is applied to thefirst six channels of that unit, as described in the description of thesystem in FIG. 2. Thus, the output from gate 65 may constitute sixparallel lines.

In similar fashion, the output of AND gate 62 provides an actuatinginput to gate 67, which is coupled to a different address in storageunit 66. In the instance of gate 67, the output through this gate isprovided to both shift register 13 and space band width assignment unit14. The output of AND gate 64 is coupled to a third gate 68, which againrepresents a third independent address and storage unit 66 and whichprovides for transmission of signals from storage unit 66 to the shiftregister 13.

A unit such as that illustrated in FIG. 4 performs the functionsdescribed previously in connection with the operation of the add codeunit 16. Thus, the storage address corresponding to gate 67 is arrangedto provide, as an output signal, a code representing a space band. Areturn signal from decoder-transcriber 12 preceded by a character signalwill then provide a space band output. In similar fashion, if theaddress corresponding to gate 65 contains a code representing a hyphen,then a hyphen followed by a character code will provide, as an outputinto the shift register 13, the code representing a hyphen. Thecharacter code then is entered in the usual manner. If thedecoder-transcriber 12 provides an output sequence of a return followedby a fixed space, indicative of a paragraph ending, then the informationstored in storage unit 66 at the address of gate 68 is anend-of-the-line signal which is provided to channel 9 in shift register13 followed by a code representing a fixed space which is entered intothe first six channels of shift register 13.

Turning now to FIG. 5, there is illustrated a circuit arrangementsuitable for operation as the mat width assignment unit 15 of FIG. 2.The function of the mat width assignment unit 15 is to provide to theoutput counters 17, 18, 19, and numerical codes corresponding to thewidth value of each character as it is processed through thedecoder-transcriber 12. The mat width assignment unit may be arranged toinclude a terminal strip having as inputs the eighty-two individualcharacter leads from the case recognition unit 21 and the eight leadsdirectly from the decoder-transcriber 12. In any given typographicalcase, the relative values of these characters may be expressed inthirty-two incremental values. Several of the characters have the samevalue, and it is the function of the terminal board 70 to provide commonoutput lines for those inputs which have the same width value. Thus, byway of example, the input lines representative of the characters A, B,C, D, E, F, and G are shown, and it is seen that for these characters,three outputs corresponding to 4, 5, and 6 units are provided. The

same arrangement follows for the remainder of the characters such thatthe maximum number of outputs from this terminal board is 32 for the 90individual inputs. In order to provide for computation of line lengthand total cumulative character width for a different type face, adifferent terminal board corresponding to the width values for thedifferent type face may be substituted.

While there are a relatively large number of ways in which theindividual, numerically designated output leads from terminal board 70may be utilized to generate discrete numbers of pulses into the outputcounters 17, 18, 19, and 20, a particular arrangement is shown by way ofexample. A pulser 71, which is operating at a pulse rate which is fastcompared to the clock pulse rate of the overall system of FIG. 2,provides output pulses to a binary gate 72. This binary gate 72 isnormally in the state where pulses from pulser 71 are not passed;however, it is opened each time that the character common input to themat width assignment unit 15 is actuated. When the binary gate 72 isopened, pulses from pulser 71 pass through it to the input of a 32-bitcounter 73-. The 32-bit counter has coupled to it at individual countlevels AND gates. As shown, AND gate 74 has one input leg coupled to thefixed count level in counter 73 and the other input leg coupled to theindividual output from terminal board 70 representing six units. In asimilar fashion, AND gate 75 has one input leg coupled to a S-leveloutput in the counter 73 with the other leg connected to the S-unitoutput from terminal board 70. The output of binary gate 72 is alsoprovided to the inputs of counters 17, 18, 19, and 20.

In operation, then, if a character (for example, character A) istranslated in the decoder-transcriber 12, then a character common outputis provided which opens binary gate 72. Since the individual input linelabeled A is actuated, then the pulses through binary gate 72 areaccumulated in 32-bit counter 73 until the six level is reached. At thispoint, the coincidence between the pulse at the six level in bit counter73 and the actuating signal on the sixth unit output lead from terminalboard 73 provides an output from AND gate 74. The output from each ofthese AND gates is provided back to the binary gate 72 and closes thisgate. Thus, the operation is that pulses are provided both to the hitcounter 73 and to the cumulative counters 17, 18, 19, and 20 until thesix level is reached. For the letter A, then, six pulses are provided toeach of the output counters 17, 18, 19, and 20. In the same fashion, anappropriate number of pulses may be transmitted to counters 17, 18, 19,and 20 for each character.

A circuit suitable for use as a space band width assignment unit 14 isillustrated in FIG. 6. The space band width assignment unit has thefunction of receiving input signals each time the decoder-transcribertranslates a code representing a space band or each time the add codeunit 16 generates a space band signal. In response to this inputactuating signal, the space band width assignment provides four outputsignals, each output signal going to a different one of the cumulativecounters 17, 18, 19, and 20. Each of the output signals represents adifferent numerical value since the counters 17, l8, l9, and 20 provide,as previously described, for different Width assessments of theinterword spaces. The input signal to the space band width assignmentunit 14 turns on a pulser which provides output pulses to a counter unit81 and through individual gates 82, 83, 84, and to counters 20, 19, 18,and 17, respectively. The gates 8285 may be regarded as normally opengates, and hence when the pulser 80 first provides output pulses, thesepulses are coupled simultaneously through their respective counter gatesand to the input of counter 81. When the numerical point representativeof the minimum space band width is reached, then an output is providedfrom counter 81 which closes gate 85. In similar fashion, the gates 84,83, and 82 are successively closed in response to a total accumulationof pulses in counter 81 corresponding to the respective numerical valuesof maximum space band, maximum space band plus a thin space, and maximumspace band plus an en space, respectively. The signal which closes gate82 may also be used to turn off pulser 80 until the receipt of the nextspace band signal. The turning off of pulse 80 may be used to againchange the state of each of the gates 82, 83, 84, and 85 to their opencondition in preparation for receipt of the next space band signal.

Referring now to FIG. 7, an arrangement of units suitable for use as therecognition circuit 41 shown in the system of FIG. 2 is illustrated. Atree circuit has coupled to it as inputs channels 7, 8, and 9 from theshift register 13. The tree circuit 90 may be formed of any suitablecircuit elements in the fashion well known in the computer art. Ingeneral, the tree circuit accepts inputs which may be regarded as a3-bit code on channels 7, 8, and 9 and provides individual output leadsfor specific codes. In addition to the inputs of channels 7, 8, and 9,two inputs are provided to the tree circuit 90 from the interventioncontrol 30 through the readout control 32. These two inputs are a signalindicating that the intervention control has been operated to insert ahyphen and a signal input to select the last previous interword beforethe overflow of counter 17. In addition to the above inputs, the firstsix channels of shift register 13 provide an output signal throughswitch circuit 40 to the tree circuit 90.

Individual output leads are supplied from the tree circuit 90 to thereadout control unit 32, the switching circuit 40, and to linecompletion unit 33. Six other output leads are provided from the treecircuit 90 to gates 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, and 98. These gates serve asindividual address points for storage unit 96. Storage unit 96 is formedfrom any suitable memory storage providing specific output code signalsat each of the address points. As in the case of the add code unit 16,this storage is a permanent storage, that is, the information isretained in storage and is not erased by readout. Each of the gates 91,92, 93, 94, 95, and 98 are normally closed, but they are opened by theactuation of the line from tree circuit 90 connected to them; with theperiod they are open being sufficient to completely read out theinformation stored at the particular address. The output of each ofthese gates is provided directly to the output encoder unit 6.

In this tree circuit 90, the input channels corresponding to channels 7and 8 from shift register 13 include a memory effect such that theyalways contain the last signal received by them during the time when aline is being processed. They are reset at the conclusion of a line. Asdescribed above, the channels 7 and 8 contain coding indicating theoverflow of counters 18, 19, and 20. If a code is adopted in which a bitis placed in channel 8 when counter 20 overflows, a bit is placed inchannel 7 when counter 19 overflows; and a bit is placed in bothchannels 7 and 8 when counter 18 overflows, then the coding on these twochannels for these situations respectively would be 01; and 11. Asdescribed above in connection with the operation of the system, thetermination of a line either automatically or semiautomatically isaccomplished by placing a bit in channel 9 corresponding to theterminating character. In the event of a paragraph line ending with noneof the counters 17, 18, 19, and 20 have been filled, a bit will appearonly in channel 9.

Tabulated below are the appropriate output codes from the storage unit96 corresponding to input codes for each of the four above-listedsituations.

Tree circuit 90 also contains a recognition circuit which operates onthe output from the first six channels from the shift register 13. Whenthese channels carry a code representing an interword, an output isprovided to line completion unit 33. The second function of the inputfrom the first six channels of shift register 13 to the tree circuit 90is to provide a signal to the switching circuit when all of theinformation in the shift register has been shifted out back to the inputof decoder-transcriber 12. Thus, when a shift occurs in the shiftregister 13 and no code is provided to the input of tree circuit inthese six channels, the tree circuit 90 provides an output signal whichswitches circuit 40 back to the input of output encoder 6.

When the inter-word selection input to tree circuit 90 is actuated, thenit provides a signal on the channel 9 entry into the tree circuitindicating a line termination.

The operation of the last interword selection will become apparent fromthe description of the line completion unit below.

With reference to FIG. 8, a convenient circuit arrangement for linecompletion unit 33 is shown. A forwardbackward counter 101 receives itsforward driving input from the interword common output ofdecoder-transcriber l2 and its backward driving input from recognitioncircuit 41. The total capacity of this counter is arranged to be largerthan the number of interwords which may be stored in shift register 13at any one time. An output is provided from the counter 101 whenever thecount changes from the l to the 0 position, indicating that the lastinter word code entered into shift register 13 has reached recognitioncircuit 41. This output is coupled to one input leg of AND gate 102. Theother input leg of AND gate 102 is actuated by the output of OR gate106. When both inputs of AND gate 102 are actuated, an output signal isprovided which actuates the interword selec- TABLE I Input Output Ch. 9(711.8 Ch. 7 To Encoder 6 Readout 32 Control To Switching Unit 40 1 1 1Return plus Elevatm. Terminate and Switch output of shift Reset.register to the decodes transcriber. 1 0 1 Return; Return and do Do.

Elevate. 1 l 0 Return: Return; dn Do.

Return and Elevate. 1 0 0 Quad left: Rec 111 do D0.

Elevate.

Typically, then, gate 91 would be actuated by the first combination;gates 92, 93, and 94 by the second, third, and fourth combinationsrespectively.

When a line is semiautomatically ended by the operator inserting ahyphen at a selected point, then the operators selection identifies theline ending character by placing a bit in the ninth channel.Simultaneously, the hyphen insertion input to tree circuit 90 isactuated. When this input is actuated, it addresses gate 95 in thestorage unit 96 and provides for the generation of a hyphen code priorto the transmission of the code which is appropriate for the 3-bit inputas indicated by the above table. In one instance, however, the operationis varied from this pattern, that is, when the channel 9, 8, and 7 inputcode is l; 0; 0 and a hyphen is inserted. In this case, the operator hasinserted a hyphen at a point prior to the overflow of any of thecounters 16, 18, 19, and 20. This combination in tree circuit 90actuates an output line to gate 98, which, after the insertion of thehyphen through gate 95, blocks the output of gate 94 and addresses aposition in storage unit 96 which generates an output code to encoder 6of Return; Stop, thus signalling the line casting operation to insertextra spaces.

tion input of recognition unit 41, as described in conjunction with FIG.7. OR gate 106 may be actuated either by a signal from the manualinterword control section 108 of intervention control 30, or by theoutput of gate 104.

Gate 104 is a coincidence gate having two stable states. When bothinputs of gate 104 are actuated, it provides an output pulse and remainsin this state until it receives a signal on its reset input. This resetsignal is provided from the output of AND gate 102. In its resetcondition, no output is provided from gate 104. One of the input legs ofgate 104 is actuated by an output from gate 103, and the other isactuated by the overflow signal from counter 17. Gate 103 is acoincidence element having two stable states. When both inputs of gate103 are actuated, it provides an output signal. One of these inputs isfrom the interword common lead while the other is actuated when counter18 has reached its limit and remains so until the termination of theline resets counter 18. Gate 103 is arranged such that once actuated itremains in that state until the input signal from counter 18 is removed.This arrangement then provides that gate 103 is actuated when aninterword occurs after the overflow of counter 18. When counter 17overflows and gate 103 is actuated, then gate 104 is actuated, thusenergizing one input of AND gate 102. When the last interword before theoverflow of counter 17 arrives at recognition unit 41, theforward-backward counter 101 will go from 1" to 0, thus energizing thesecond input leg of AND gate 102, which provides the line ending signalautomatically to recognition unit 41.

The remainder of the units illustrated in FIG. 2 are also completelyconventional circuitry such as counters 17, 18, 19, and and shiftregister 13 or are commercially available units. The reader unit 11 is acommercially available tape reader providing electrically coded outputsignals, being available, for example, from Rheem Electronics of LosAngeles, California. The output encoder 6 is again a standard commercialunit, such as the Teletype Unit BRPE. Units such as the case recognitionunit 21 incorporate simple coincidence circuits.

The case recognition unit 21 has provided to it the 41 character codeswhich have different width values in the upper and lower case. Inaddition, decoder-transcribed 12 provides to this unit a signalindicative of an upper case control code. The case recognition unit thenincorporates a series of switches actuated by the upper case controlcode in such a manner that when there is no upper case, the 41 inputleads are provided on one set of 41 output leads, and when the uppercase signal is actuated, these same 41 input leads are provided on asecond different set of 41 output leads.

The above-described specific examples of circuit configurations shouldnot be construed as limiting the apparatus. These specificconfigurations are described as conventional examples only, of onemanner of arranging the circuit logic. As is well known in the computerart, there are a great variety of circuit arrangements which may also beused to accomplish these functions.

The data processing apparatus and system has been described as it wouldbe arranged for operation in conjunction with Shatfstall equipment.However, the storage capacity of the shift register 13 may be increasedso that it will contain all the characters and other codes of any lineto be produced. In this case, the selection of a hyphenation point bythe monitor operator using intervention controls will cause readoutcontrol 32 and recognition circuit 41 to activate output encoder 6 toprovide appropriate spacing signals at the interword points in the line,as the line is read out of the shift register 13. In such aconfiguration, the output tape would then contain all spacing signals atthe interword points and could be fed directly to a typesetting machine,without any requirement of Shaffstall equipment or its equivalent.

In such a configuration, if all of the codes of any line are containedin the shift register 13 and the monitor operators selected hyphenationpoint lies outside the range where justification may be achieved byinterword expansion, then the summation counters will signal the readoutcontrol 32 and recognition unit 41 the proper number of thin spaces tobe called for between characters on the output tape to accomplishjustification by letter spacing and interword expansion.

The apparatus may be made entirely automatic by increasing the capacityof shift register 13 sufiiciently to contain all the characters of anypossible line and replacing the copy display 23 and interventioncontrols 30 by a storage element. This storage element must contain allof the Words which may appear on the input tape, together with hyphencodes at all possible points of hyphenation. Such a stored dictionary ofwords and their possible byphenation points might be in the form of astorage in a magnetic drum or the like. Thus, when counter 17 overflows,the word involved would be compared with its equivalent in the storagedictionary. Comparison circuitry would then select the preferredhyphenation point and signal readout control 32 automatically.

Having described the invention, various modifications and departureswill now occur to those skilled in this art,

and the invention herein should be construed as limited only to thespirit and scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. Data processing apparatus for providing a series of output signalssuitable for operating a typesetting machine to reproduce in properlyterminated lines justified within a predetermined line length, copymaterial in word and paragraph form comprising,

means for generating a series of sequential input code signals, eachrepresenting a significant composition element of said copy material;

translating means adapted to receive said input code signals, saidtranslating means providing output signals in response to individualinput codes;

display means controlled by said translating means and adapted todisplay said copy material in such a manner as to individually indicateeach character of said copy material at the time the code signalsrepresenting said character is being received by said translating means;

data storage means coupled to said translating means and adapted tostore sequentially a plurality of said code signals;

a coding element;

a computer means coupled to said translating means and adapted toaccumulate for each of said input code signals as it is received by saidtranslator the width value for the respective character or spacecorresponding to said code, said computer means being adapted to providean output indication identifying which of said code signals are withinjustification range of said predetermined line length and to provide anoverset indication identifying the one of said code signals, the widthvalue for which, exceeds said predetermined line length, said datastorage means being adapted to sequentially transfer said plurality ofstored code signals to the input of said coding element and to stop saidtransfer in re sponse to said overset indication from said computerelement, said coding element being adapted in response to saidtransferred code signals to provide a series of output signals adaptedto operate a typesetting machine;

line termination means adapted to recommence transfer of said storedcode signals to said coding element when a code representing aninterword lies within said justification range and to stop said transferand terminate said line when the last one of said interword codes withinsaid justification range has been transferred, said line terminationmeans being adapted when no code representing an interword lies withinsaid justification range to be manually operated to insert a hyphen codeafter a preselected code and to transfer all of said codes in saidstorage prior to said hyphen to said output coding element and toterminate said line.

2. Data processing apparatus for providing a series of output signalssuitable for operating a typesetting machine to reproduce in properlyterminated lines justified within a predetermined line length, copymaterial in Word and paragraph form comprising,

means for generating a series of sequential input code signals, eachrepresenting a significant composition element of said copy material;

translating means adapted to receive said input code signals, saidtranslating means including individual output leads corresponding toeach individual input code, said translating means being responsive toeach of said individual input code signals in a manner to provide anactuating signal on the corresponding one of said output leads, saidtranslating means also including a code repeater adapted in response topreselected ones of said input code signals to repeat said input codesignals on an independent output;

display means controlled by said translating means and adapted todisplay said copy material, said display means including an indicatorfor individually indicating each character of said copy material at thetime the code signal representing said character is 'being received bysaid translating means;

a coding element;

a computer means coupled to said translating means and adapted toaccumulate for each of said input code signals as it is received by saidtranslator the width value for the respective character corresponding tosaid code, said computer means being adapted to provide an outputindication identifying which of said code signals are Withinjustification range of said predetermined line length and to provide afurther overset indication identifying the one of said code signals, thewidth value for which exceeds said predetermined line length;

data storage means coupled to said repeater output of said translatingmeans and adapted to store sequentially a plurality of said repeatedcode signals;

said data storage means being adapted to sequentially transfer saidplurality of stored code signals to the input of said coding element andto stop said transfer in response to said overset indication from saidcomputer element, said coding element being adapted in response to saidtransferred code signals to provide a series of output signals adaptedto operate a typesetting machine;

line termination means adapted to recommence transfer of said storedcode signals to said coding element when a code representing aninterword lies within said justification range and to stop said transferand terminate said line when the last one of said interword codes withinsaid justification range has been transferred, said line terminationmeans being adapted when no code representing an interword lies withinsaid justification range to be manually operated to insert a hyphen codeafter a preselected code and to transfer all of said codes in saidstorage prior to said hyphen to said output coding element and toterminate said line, said output coding element being adapted to provideas final signals for each of said lines signals conveying to saidtypesetting machine information for justifying said line in accordancewith the width values accumulated in said computer up to said linetermination.

3. Apparatus in accordance with claim 2 wherein said code repeaterrepeats all codes received at said input except those codes representinghyphens and line termination signals in said copy material and whichincludes an add code element coupled to said translating means andadapted, when said translating means receives a code rcp resenting ahyphen followed by a code representing a character, to insert into saidstorage means a code representing a hyphen in a sequential positionimmediately ahead of said following character code, said add codeelement being also adapted in response to each code representing a lineterminating signal not preceded by a code representing a hyphen in saidcopy material to insert into said storage means a code signalrepresenting an interword character in the same sequential position saidline terminating signal occupied in said sequence of input code signals.

4. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said computer meanscomprises a plurality of independent counting elements, means providingto each of said counting elements for each of said input codesrepresenting a non-interword character, a width value corresponding tothe width value of said character in said typesetting machine, saidmeans providing for each input code representing an interword charactera different width value to each of said counter elements correspondingto the appropriate width value for a different justification operationat said typesetting machine, each of said counters being adapted toprovide an output signal when the total of accumulated width valuesreaches a predetermined limit corresponding to said predetermined linelength, said one of said counters to which is provided width valuescorresponding to said typesetting machine justification operationproviding minimum interword spacing generating said overset indicatingsignal when it reaches said predetermined limit.

5. Apparatus in accordance with claim 4 wherein each of said pluralityof counters provides an identifying signal to said storage meansindicating which of said input code signals corresponds to thecharacter, the width assignment for which caused the respective one ofsaid counters to reach said predetermined limit; and which includes arecognition element adapted to provide an output signal indicating thelast one of said counters to reach its predetermined limit prior to linetermination whereby said typesetting machine may be operated to performthe one of said justification operations corresponding to said interwordwidth values provided to the said last one of said counters.

6. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 and including a switchingelement at the output of said storage means adapted to transfer anycoded signals remaining in said storage means after the termination ofeach of said lines back to the input of said translating means prior tosaid input code generating means providing any further input signals tosaid translating means.

7. Apparatus in accordance with claim 3 wherein said add code unit, inresponse to code signal outputs from said translating means indicating aline terminating signal followed by a paragraph indenting signal,inserts into said storage means a code signal causing said typesettingmachine upon receipt thereof to terminate said line and provideparagraph indentation for the next sequential one of said lines.

8. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said line terminationmeans may be manually operated, when it is desired to terminate a lineoutside the justification range of said typesetting machine, to providea signal so indicating to said typesetting machine.

9. Data processing apparatus for providing from an input tape coded withsignals representing copy material in word and paragraph form, an outputtape coded with signals suitable for operating a typesetting machine toreproduce in properly terminated lines justified within a predeterminedline length said copy material, comprising,

a reader responsive to said input tape and adapted in response to saidsignals on said input tape to generate a series of electrical input codesignals;

translating means adapted to receive said input code signals, saidtranslating means providing output sig' nals in response to individualinput codes, said translating means also including a code repeateradapted in response to preselected ones of said input code signals torepeat said input code signals on an independent output;

display means controlled by said translating means and adapted todisplay said copy material, said display means including an indicatorfor individually indicating each character of said copy material at thetime the code signal representing said character is being received bysaid translating means;

a coding element;

a computer means coupled to said translating means and adapted toaccumulate for each of said input code signals as it is received by saidtranslator the width value for the respective character corresponding tosaid code, said computer means being adapted to provide an outputindication identifying which of said code signals are withinjustification range of said predetermined line length and to provide afurther overset indication identifying the one of said code signals, thewidth value for which, exceeds said predetermined line length;

data storage means coupled to said repeater output of to said outputcoding element and to terminate said line.

11. Data processing apparatus for providing a series of output signalssuitable for operating a typesetting machine to reproduce in properlyterminated lines justified within a predetermined line length, copymaterial in word said translating means and adapted to storesequentially a plurality of said repeated code signals;

said data storage means being adapted to sequentially transfer saidplurality of stored code signals to the input of said coding element andto stop said transfer in response to said overset indication from saidcomputer element, said coding element being adapted in response to saidtransferred code signals to provide on said output tape a series ofoutput signals adapted to operate a typesetting machine;

and paragraph form comprising,

means for generating a series of sequential input code signals, eachrepresenting a significant composition element of said copy material;

line termination means adapted to recommence transtranslating meansadapted to receive said input code fer of said stored code signals tosaid coding elesignals, said translating means including individual mentwhen a code representing an interword lies output leads corresponding toeach individual input within said justification range and to stop saidtranscode, said translating means being responsive to each fer andterminate said line when the last one of said of said individual inputcode signals in a manner to interword codes within said justificationrange has been transferred, said line termination means being adaptedwhen no code representing an interword lies within said justificationrange to be manually operated to insert a hyphen code after apreselected code and to transfer all of said codes in said storage priorto said hyphen to said output coding element and to terminate said line,said output coding element being adapted to provide as final signals foreach of said lines signals conveying to said typesetting machineinformation for justifying said line in accordance with the width valuesaccumulated in said computer up to said line termination.

10. Data processing apparatus for providing a series line terminationmeans adapted, when a code representing an interword lies within saidjustification range, to stop said transfer and terminate said line whenthe last one of said interword codes within said justification range hasbeen transferred;

display means for displaying and indicating the word within which occursa character having a width value which, when added to the width valuesfor the preceding characters and spaces in the line exceeds saidpredetermined line length;

said line termination means being adapted when no code representing aninterword lies within said justification range to be manually operatedto insert a hyphen code after a selected code and to transfer all ofsaid codes in said storage prior to said hyphen provide an actuatingsignal on the corresponding one of said output leads, said translatingmeans also including a code repeater adapted in response to preselectedones of said input code signals to repeat said input code signals on anindependent output;

a coding element;

a computer means coupled to said translating means and adapted toaccumulate for each of said input code signals the width value for therespective character corresponding to said code, said computer meansadapted to determine which of said code sig nals are withinjustification range of said predetermined line length and to provide anoverset indication identifying the one of said code signals, the

of output signals suitable for operating a typesetting mawidth value forwhich when added to the Width values chine to reproduce in properlyterminated lines justified for the preceding characters and spaces inthe line within a predetermined line length, copy material in Wordexceeds said predetermined line length; and paragraph form comprising,data storage means coupled to said repeater output of means forgenerating a series of sequential input code said translating means andadapted to store sequensignals, each representing a significantcomposition tially a plurality of said repeated code signals; element ofsaid copy material; said data storage means being adapted tosequentially translating means adapted to receive said input codetransfer said plurality of stored code signals to the Signals, Saidtranslating means Providing Output ginput of said coding element, saidcoding element nals in response to individual input codes; being adaptedin response to said transferred code data storage means coupled to saidtranslating means signals to provide a series of output signals adaptedand adapted to store sequentially a plurality of code to operate atypesetting rnachine; signals; line termination means adapted when acode representa coding element; ing an interword lies within saidjustification range to a Computer means coupled to Said g means stopsaid transfer and terminate said line when the and adapted to accumulatefor ea h f aid i put C 5 last one of said interword codes within saidjustifica signals the width value fOl' the respective character tionrange has been transferred; or space corresponding to said code, said mpr display means for displaying and indicating the word a s being adaptedto determine Which of Said within which occurs a character having awidth value Code Signals are Within justification range of Said which,when added to the width values for the prelireqetelfmined1ine ]6ngth andto Provide an Overs 5t) ceding characters and spaces in the line exceedsmdlcaltlon identifying h one Of Said code Signals, said predeterminedline length; said line termination the Width value for which, when addedto the width mea being adapted when no code representing an Values forthfi Preceding Characters and Spaces in the interword lies within saidjustification range to be line XCdS said predetermined line length, saiddata ,lnanually Operatgd to insert a hyphen code after a P being adaptedto sequentially transfer selected code and to transfer all of said codesin said i p y of stored q sigllals t0 the input of storage prior to saidhyphen to said output coding 531d i g element, Said Codlng element beingelement and to terminate said line, said output codp q PQ to saidtransferred Code Signals ing element being adapted to provide as finalsignals t0 Prowde a seFles of ollltput slgnals adapted to P for each ofsaid lines signals conveying to said typeerate a typesetting machine; 0

setting machine information for justifying said line in accordance withthe width values accumulated in said computer up to said linetermination.

12. Apparatus in accordance with claim 11 wherein said code repeaterrepeats all codes received at said input except those codes representinghyphens and line termination signals in said copy material and whichincludes an add code element coupled to said translating means andadapted, when said translating means receives a code representing ahyphen followed by a code representing a character, to insert into saidstorage means a code representing a hyphen in a sequential positionimmediately ahead of said following character code, said add codeelement being also adapted in response to each code representing a lineterminating signal not preceded by a code representing a hyphen in saidcopy material to insert into said storage means a code signalrepresenting an interword character in the same sequential position saidline terminating signal occupied in said sequence of input code signals.

13. Apparatus in accordance with claim wherein said computer meanscomprises a plurality of independent counting elements, means providingto each of said counting elements for each of said input codesrepresenting a non-interword character, a width value corresponding tothe width value of said character in said typesetting machine, saidmeans providing for each input code representing an interword charactera different width value to each of said counter elements correspondingto the appropriate Width value for a different justification operationat said typesetting machine, each of said counters being adapted toprovide an output signal when the total of accumulated width valuesreaches a predetermined limit corresponding to said predetermined linelength, said one of said counters to which is provided width valuescorresponding to said typesetting machine justification operationproviding minimum interword spacing generating said overset indicatingsignal when it reaches said predetermined limit.

14. Apparatus in accordance with claim 13 wherein each of said pluralityof counters provides an identifying signal to said storage meansindicating which of said input code signals corresponds to thecharacter, the Width assignment for which caused the respective one ofsaid counters to reach said predetermined limit; and which includes arecognition element adapted to provide an output signal indicating thelast one of said counters to reach its predetermined limit prior to linetermination whereby said typesetting machine may be operated to performthe one of said justification operations corresponding to said interwordwidth values provided to the said last one of said counters.

15. Apparatus in accordance with claim 10 wherein said line terminationmeans may be manually operated, when it is desired to terminate a lineoutside the justification range of said typesetting machine, to providea signal so indicating to said typesetting machine.

16. Data processing apparatus for providing from an input tape codedwith signals representing copy material in word and paragraph form, anoutput tape coded with signals suitable for operating a typesettingmachine to reproduce in properly terminated lines justified within apredetermined line length said copy material, comprising, a readerresponsive to said input tape and adapted in response to said signals onsaid input tape to generate a series of electrical input code signals;

translating means adapted to receive said input code signals, saidtranslating means providing output signals in response to individualinput codes, said translating means also including a code repeateradapted in response to preselected ones of said input code signals torepeat said input code signals on an independent output;

a coding element;

a computer means coupled to said translating means and adapted toaccumulate for each of said input code signals the width value for therespective character corresponding to said code, said computer meansbeing adapted to determine which of said code signals are withinjustification range of said predetermined line length and to provide anoverset indication identifying the one of said code signals, the widthvalue for which, when added to the width values for the precedingcharacters and spaces in the line exceeds said predetermined linelength;

data storage means coupled to said repeater output of said translatingmeans and adapted to store sequentially a plurality of said repeatedcode signals;

said data storage means being adapted to sequentially transfer saidplurality of stored code signals to the input of said coding element,said coding element being adapted in response to said transferred codesignals to provide on said output tape a series of output signalsadapted to operate a typesetting machine;

line termination means adapted, when a code representing an interwordlies within said justification range to stop said transfer and terminatesaid line when the last one of said interword codes within saidjustification range has been transferred;

display means for displaying and indicating the word within which occursa character having a width value which, when added to the width valuesfor the pre ceding characters and spaces in the line exceeds saidpredetermined line length; said line termination means being adaptedwhen no code representing an interword lies within said justificationrange to be manually operated to insert a hyphen code after a selectedcode and to transfer all of said codes in said storage prior to saidhyphen to said output coding element and to terminate said line, saidoutput coding element being adapted to provide as final signals for eachof said lines signals conveying to said typesetting machine informationfor justifying said line in accordance with the width values accumulated in said computer up to said line termination.

17. Apparatus in accordance with claim 10 and including a switchingelement adapted to transfer any code signals remaining in said storagemeans after the termination of each of said lines back to the input ofsaid translating means prior to said input code generating meansproviding any further input signals to said translating means.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,165,045 1/1965Troll 340-146.] X 3,171,592 3/1965 Hanson 340l46.l X 3,248,705 4/1966Dammann et al. 340172.5

ROBERT C. BAILEY, Primary Examiner.

P. J. HENON, Assistant Examiner.

1. DATA PROCESSING APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING A SERIES OF OUTPUT SIGNALSSUITABLE FOR OPERATING A TYPESETTING MACHINE TO REPRODUCE IN PROPERLYTERMINATED LINES JUSTIFIED WITHIN A PREDETERMINED LINE LENGTH, COPYMATERIAL IN WORD AND PARAGRAPH FORM COMPRISING, MEANS FOR GENERATING ASERIES OF SEQUENTIAL INPUT CODE SIGNALS, EACH REPRESENTING A SIGNIFICANTCOMPOSITION ELEMENT OF SAID COPY MATERIAL; TRANSLATING MEANS ADAPTED TORECEIVE SAID INPUT CODE SIGNALS, SAID TRANSLATING MEANS PROVIDING OUTPUTSIGNALS IN RESPONSE TO INDIVIDUAL INPUT CODES; DISPLAY MEANS CONTROLLEDBY SAID TRANSLATING MEANS AND ADAPTED TO DISPLAY SAID COPY MATERIAL INSUCH A MANNER AS TO INDIVIDUALLY INDICATE EACH CHARACTER OF SAID COPYMATERIAL AT THE TIME THE CODE SIGNALS REPRESENTING SAID CHARACTER ISBEING RECEIVED BY SAID TRANSLATING MEANS; DATA STORAGE MEANS COUPLED TOSAID TRANSLATING MEANS AND ADAPTED TO STORE SEQUENTIALLY A PLURALITY OFSAID CODE SIGNALS; A CODING ELEMENT; A COMPUTER MEANS COUPLED TO SAIDTRANSLATING MEANS AND ADAPTED TO ACCUMULATE FOR EACH OF SAID INPUT CODESIGNALS AS IT IS RECEIVED BY SAID TRANSLATOR THE WIDTH VALUE FOR THERESPECTIVE CHARACTER OR SPACE CORRESPONDING TO SAID CODE, SAID COMPUTERMEANS BEING ADAPTED TO PROVIDE AN OUTPUT INDICATION IDENTIFYING WHICH OFSAID CODE SIGNALS ARE WITHIN JUSTIFICATION RANGE OF SAID PREDETERMINEDLINE LENGTH AND TO PROVIDE AN OVERSET INDICATION IDENTIFYING THE ONE OFSAID CODE SIGNALS, THE WIDTH VALUE FOR WHICH, EXCEEDS SAID PREDETERMINEDLINE LENGTH, SAID DATA STORAGE MEANS BEING ADAPTED TO SEQUENTIALLYTRANSFER SAID PLURALITY OF STORED CODE SIGNALS TO THE INPUT OF SAIDCODING ELEMENT AND TO STOP SAID TRANSFER IN RESPONSE TO SAID OVERSETINDICATION FROM SAID COMPUTER ELEMENT, SAID CODING ELEMENT BEING ADAPTEDIN RESPONSE TO SAID TRANSFERRED CODE SIGNALS TO PROVIDE A SERIES OFOUTPUT SIGNALS ADAPTED TO OPERATE A TYPESETTING MACHINE; LINETERMINATION MEANS ADAPTED TO RECOMMENCE TRANSFER OF SAID STORED CODESIGNALS TO SAID CODING ELEMENT WHEN A CODE REPRESENTING AN INTERWORDLIES WITHIN SAID JUSTIFICATION RANGE AND TO STOP SAID TRANSFER ANDTERMINATE SAID LINE WHEN THE LAST ONE OF SAID INTERWORD CODES WITHINSAID JUSTIFICATION RANGE HAS BEEN TRANSFERRED, SAID LINE TERMINATIONMEANS BEING ADAPTED WHEN NO CODE REPRESENTING AN INTERWORD LIES WITHINSAID JUSTIFICATION RANGE TO BE MANUALLY OPERATED TO INSERT A HYPHEN CODEAFTER A PRESELECTED CODE AND TO TRANSFER ALL OF SAID CODES IN SAIDSTORAGE PRIOR TO SAID HYPHEN TO SAID OUTPUT CODING ELEMENT AND TOTERMINATE SAID LINE.